频繁的洗手会增加手部湿疹的发病率

手部湿疹是一种常见的皮肤疾病，女性的发病率常高于男性，一般是男性的2倍左右。但是手部湿疹的发病率和患病率并不清楚。Arne Johannisson, Ann Pontén和Åke Svensson等人进行了一项2403名16-19岁名患者的研究，并经过13年的随访，于2008年得出一项研究结果。他们发现，1年之内手部湿疹的患病率是15.8%（女性为20.3%，男性为10%，P＜0.001），发病率为1.16%（女性为1.43%，男性为0.52%，P＜0.001）。

儿童期发生湿疹是手部湿疹的危险因素。频繁的洗手是手部湿疹发生的重要危险因素，相对危险度为1.02。

Background

Hand eczema is common in the general population and affects women twice as often as men. It is also the most frequent occupational skin disease. The economic consequences are considerable for society and for the affected individuals.

Methods

To investigate the prevalence and incidence of hand eczema and to evaluate risk factors for development of hand eczema in young adults. Subjects and methods; This is a prospective follow-up study of 2,403 young adults, 16 – 19 years old in 1995 and aged 29 – 32 years, 13 years later, in 2008. They completed a postal questionnaire that included questions regarding one-year prevalence of hand eczema, childhood eczema, asthma, rhino-conjunctivitis and factors considered to affect hand eczema such as hand-washing, washing and cleaning, cooking, taking care of small children and usage of moisturisers. These factors were evaluated with the multinominal logistic regression analysis.

Results

The one-year prevalence of hand eczema was 15.8% (females 20.3% and males 10.0%, p < 0.001). The incidence was 11.6 cases per 1000 person-years (females 14.3 and males 5.2, p < 0.001). Childhood eczema was the most important risk factor for hand eczema. The odds ratios were 13.17 when having hand eczema 1995 and 2008 compared to 5.17 in 2008 (p < 0.001). A high frequency of hand washing was important in predicting hand eczema only when having 1-year prevalence 2008, OR 1.02 (p = 0.038).

Conclusions

After 13 years an increased 1-year prevalence of hand eczema was found. The significant risk factors for hand eczema changed over time from endogenous to exogenous factors.

Arne Johannisson, Ann Pontén, Åke Svensson.BMC Dermatol. 2013;13(14)